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To understand how the domain name work is not that complicated. The address of website is termed as domain’s name. Particular letter or words are allocated to a website. But hold on, domain name does not denote a website's true address. But it is the code which makes site's address easy to learn by heart.
First you understand that there is a system called Domain Name System, abbreviated as DNS. DNS server is attached to every domain name. Function of DNS server is to translate the IP or Internet Protocol address to words. Each website on the Internet has a unique IP address usually in numeric form, at the back of its address. This IP address is the real address of each websites. It is the responsibility of the website owner to attach a DNS server with their domain name. Most registrars or web host companies usually do this service for their clients without charging any extra fee.
For DNS information, No central registry exists. So, it is the duty of particular URL's DNS to handle the request made by any user to provide the correct address of the IP. Once the IP address is found, the user is now free to interact with the web pages. This process is little bit complicated and involves many steps like
a. First the browser will decide which protocol is to be use. There are many protocols like HTTP, FTP etc.
b. When the server of the user send a GET signal, for example when user types in their browser , the user's browser send the GET signal or command to xyz.com and waits for response. The server is now responding to the browser's signal. First it finds out that the particular address exists or not. Then it finds the requested files (3.jpg), runs the scripts, exchanges the cookies if required and returns the findings back to the user's browser. If it cannot locate the file or IP address then it will send the error massage to the user's browser.
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